Code selective system



Dec.23, 1941. H L U HRID E ETAL 2,266,779

CODE SELECTIVE SYSTEM m mm ln E Q Q flf A v Filed April 30, 1958 INVENTOR.

Patented Dec. 23, 1941 CODE SELECTIVE SYSTEM Matthew H. Loughridge,Bogota, N. J., and Robert Stuart, Forest Hills, N. Y.

Application April 80, 1938, Serial No. 205,186

5 Claims.

This invention relates to selective systems and the apparatus usedtherewith and it has for an object to obtain a variety of selectivecontrols which may be applied to the selection of a particular item froma comparatively few items of the same class and it may be applied toselect any particular item from very large groups. The selectiveapparatus'is so arranged that its control may be changed during theoperation of the system so that part of the selections may be divertedto one purpose and part to another purpose which are selected at thesame time. Another object of the invention is to provide a selectivesystem that is operated mainly by electric control through th medium ofphoto-electric cells and without an involved and eXpensive mechanicalapparatus. Another object of the invention is to provide selections ingroups and to accumulate these selections into a single resultrepresenting the product of the group selections,

and another object of the invention is to superimpose upon the selectivesystem control by selective current with selectively responsiveapparatus which enables the purpose of the selec-' tive apparatus to bedoubled.

A more particular object of the invention is to provide a selectivesystem operated by and in conjunction with motion picture film wherebyparticular markings associated with each frame of the film, cooperatingwith a scanning frame,

operates the system for any predetermined frame and the system sets inmotion a mechanism to register the frame that has been selected.

This invention includes a comparing system of a film with a scannertranslated by a plurality of circuits, each having a relay for actuatingvarious permutations of different numbers of relays, with a plurality ofcircuits controlled by the relays corresponding to the permutationselected, each circuit being completed only when the number of relaysactuated correspond to the permutations and the remaining relays areunoperated and a translating controlled by said relays.

The objects of this invention will be more particularly understood fromthe following specification and the accompanying drawing showing apreferred form of the invention, in which:

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the system whereby the markings of a filmselectively operate a mechanism;

Fig. 2 is a scanning or master film having predetermined markings usedto register with the markings of the film in Fig. 1, to secure theselections.

The selective system in the present invention is applied by means of acode which has a plurality of characters and the different selectionsare 495. The limit of the selections can be determined from the formulafor a group in which three characters are used. X, Y and Z in thisformula representing the three highest numbers in the group. Thus, thecapacity of a group having the base it with three selective charactersis determined by multiplying 8 by 9 by 10 and dividing by 6. The sameformula applies when four characters are used in the ciated with eachframe of the film for each code used as follows:

It is apparent when one character is to be used in a group of selectionsthat the operation of this are established by the location of thesecharaccharacter, for instance, by energizing a relay, should control thesystem and the operation of more than one character should prevent thecontrol; it is also apparent when two characters are used in a group ofselections that the selection should be obtained by two characters only,and a greater or less number of characters than two should prevent thesystem from operating. In the same way, if the system is to be operatedby three characters at a time it should operate only by three charactersand not by any other number.

The system is applied by a row of marks associated with each frame ofthe film for each code of the selection and the film, as it passesthrough a projecting machine, passes over an analyzing or selector platewhich may have an aperture registering with the frame of the film topermit the free projection of the subject on the frame. and is providedwith rows of marks, which rows correspond in location with the rows thatare used to establish the code on the film. The scanning or analyzingplate is provided with marks which correspond to the desired code numberonly and each row is limited to the number of marks corresponding to thecharacters of the code. When these marks register with correspondinglocated marks on the film, the photo-electric cells controlling thesystem are operated to register as desired. 7

The simplest way of applying the system is to provide on the filmtransparent spot in each selective row corresponding to the code and toprovide apertures in the opaque scanning plate corresponding with thecode characters desired. when the transparent spots of the film registerwith the apertures in the scanning plate an individual beam of light isprojected through these apertures and each beam operates, or energizes aseparate, independent photo-electric cell, the other photo-electriccells remaining inactive. A photo-electric cell is provided for eachmark oi the row of marks making up each code so that a photo-cell isalways available to be operated when registration is made with any ofthe code markings.

Each photo-cell is connected through an operating circuit, including anamplifier, not shown in the drawing, with a relay and these relays inturn control the operating circuit. Relays are normally deenergized butbecome energized in response to the light beam efiecting each photocell.

The relays are arranged to control a series of parallel circuits by arepeating circuit arrangement and any of these parallel circuits may beused to control the system. The term parallel implies that the circuitsare arranged in parallel rows, as shown in the drawings, connecting inseries from the back contact of the finger of one relay to thecorresponding finger oi the next relay. As applied one circuit may beused which is established when one relay is energized and the otherrelays are deenergized; or another circuit can be used which isestablished when any two of the relays are energized and the remainingrelays are deenergized; or another circuit may be used which isestablished when any three of the relays are energized and the remainingrelays are deenergized or again a circuit may be used which isestablished when any four of the relays are energized and the remainingrelays are deenergized. The number of relays that are energized for anoperation correspond with the number of characters that are used inapplying the code.-

When it is desired to obtain a large number of selections, two or morecodes may be operated in series so that the selection is made from anumber corresponding to the product of the total selection of each code.This condition is obtained simply by connecting the operating circuitscontrolled by the code relays for each code in series.

It may sometimes occur that the code provided for certain records is notrequired on the same frame as the code required for other records and inthis case it is possible to provide a changeover relay operated by thefilm and by the scanning plate whereby the code, or part of the code,may be changed over from the code that is not required and used for acode that is necemary.

Where the record coded contains data that may correspond in all but asingle item and this data does not occur for both conditions on the sameframe it is then possibleto use the same coding apparatus and select theresult by the characterphoto-cell.

subject and provided with a row ll of marks for coding purposes and asecond row ll of marks for further coding. I9 is the scanning oranalyzing plate that is used with the film l5 and is provided with anaperture 20 through which the\ picture subject may be projected and witha row 2| of marks registering with the row 11 for codingpurposes and asimilar row of marks 22 registerlng with the row l8 for the samepurpose. The scanning or selector plates is may be placed in a fixedlocation over which the film it passes so that for each frame or thefilm the markings on the film and on the analyzing plate register inposition. I! the markings on the row I! that register with the markingsof row 2i are transparent a light beam passes through these markings orsuch of them as register and the same conditions apply to the markingsin row l8 and row 22. The light beam is interrupted except wheretransparent-markings of the film register with the apertures of theanalyzing plate. If it is desired to change the selective code duringthe operation of the projector, then the plate I9 is made in the form ofa motion picture film so that its position can be changed after anypredetermined operation. I

A row of photo-electric cells are provided as indicated from d to 9' andeach cell is located in the focus of the light beam that is projectedthrough the row of transparent markings indicated at ll so that eachphoto-cell responds independently and solely to the light beam from itsown transparent mark on the film, as indicated by the chain linesconnecting each mark with its In the same way the row of markings at B8are connected with a row of photo- 'cells indicated from ii to Hi to beoperated only when a light'beam is projected through the transparentmark which is connected with its photocell.

Each photo-cell is connected through an amplifier and an operatingcircuit, not shown in the drawing, with its selective relay which relaybears the same reference numeral as the photo-cell but without the primemark. When the photo-cell is energized by a light beam the relay isenergized and when the photo-cell is deenergized the relay remains inits normal "or deenergized position.

The armatures or the selective relays each are provided with a number ofindependent contact fingers indicated by 25, 28, 2'5, 23 and 29, soarranged that when the relay is energized the contact fingers are raisedto close the front contact of each finger and to open the back contactand when the relay is deenergized the contact fingers are moved to thenormal position shown in which the circuit connected with the backcontact is established and the circuit connected with the front contactis open. The relays may be of the telephone type with spring fingerswhich are normally biased to. close the back contacts or they may beoperated by gravity.

In the circuit diagrams one side of the circuit only is shown which isassumed to start at the line indicated by the tail end of the arrow andto return on the line indicated by the arrow point. The selective relayscontrol in series a row of parallel circuits, each circuit beingdetermined by a contact finger oi the relay. The first circuit, a,starting at the switch 3!, through conductor 32, contact 25 of relay 0to conductor 84, connect-. ing with the back contact of 25 and similarlyto the first contact finger of each of the relays in the series untilthe last relay is reached where the circuit is open between conductor 42and The circuit on the second row of contact fingers 26 is normallyestablished through its back contact and conductor 38 from relay torelay until at the last relay the back contact established by contactfinger 26 completes circuit a to conductor 42. It'will be seen that if,for instance, relay is energized the circuit to the first row of contactfingers is interrupted at the back point of finger 25 and a new circuitis established through the front contact of this finger and conductor 33to the second row of contact fingers 25. The same conditions prevailwhen any one of the group of relays is energized, that is, the controlcircuit is transferred from the first row of contact fingers to thesecond row of contact fingers and the last relay, when energized,establishes the circuit through the first row of contact fingers andwhen deenergized establishes the same circuit for'the second row ofcontact fingers. It will be observed that if two of the relays areenergized at the same time then the circuit is transferred from thesecond to the third row of contact fingers and finger to the thirdcontact finger of the following relays and the third relay energizedtransfers the circuit from thethird row of contact fingers to the fourthrow which is connected with conductor 44. It will be noted that if morethan three relays are energized at the same time the circuit toconductor 44 is interrupted, if only two relays are energized at thesame time the circuit to 43 is established and the circuit to 44 is notestablished and if only one relay is energized at a time the circuit to42 is established and the other circuits are interrupted.

The system as shown in Fig. 1 is applied with codes A, B and C, codes Aand B may be com bined to operate as a single code system or they may beseparated to operate as independent codes under the control of the film.When codes A and B are combined a total of ten relays are provided inthe group which corresponds to the base 19 while the code indicated by Chas twelve relays corresponding to the base 62 and may be arranged tooperate with from one to four characters. Code C differs from A and B bytwo additional selective relays with their control mechanism and relaythroughout the series, thus bringing the 7 third row of contact fingersinto circuit and, when the last relay is deenergized, circuit b isestablished on conductor 43. If any two relays are energized at the sametime and the other relays deenergized it will be noted that the circuitis established from conductor 34 to conductor 33 through 25 and thesecond finger 25, and from this finger to conductor 35 and contactfinger 2} in the deenergized position which connects the circuit withconductor 43. For instance, if relay 3 and relay 9 are energized and theother relays deenergized, the circuit is transferred from the frontcontact of finger 25 at relay 3 to contact finger 29 of the next relayin the deenergized position and the circuit is continued until contactfinger 28 of relay 9 is reached inthe energized position whichestablishes the circuit 1) to conductor 43.

The circuit on the fourth row of contact fingers 23 is establishedthrough conductor 31 and the front contact 21 of the preceding relay inthe energized position. The circuit is continued from the back contactof finger 28, through conductor 40 to each of the contact fingers 28 ofthe following relays. At the last relay circuit 0 is established onconductor 44 through the back point of contact finger 28 or the frontpoint of contact by the application of the additional contact finger 29which controls circuit d.

The circuit for the contact 29 is established through conductor 39 andthe front point of contact 28 of the preceding relay and is continuedthrough the back point of contact 29 by conductor 44 to the succeedingrelays and to conductor 45 connected to circuit d. In this arrangement,when four of the relays are energized the first relay transfers thecircuit from contact finger 25 to contact finger 28 of the next relayand the second energized relay transfers the circuit from contact finger26 to contact finger 27 of the next energized relay and the thirdenergized relay transfers the circuit from contact finger 21 to contactfinger 28 of the next energized relay and the fourth energized relaytransfers the circuit from contact finger 28 to contact finger 29 whichconnects with conductor 45.

A relay 55, operated by the photo-cell 56 from the mark 57 on the filmI5 is interposed between code A and code B. When this relay is in thedeenergized position codes A and B are connected together to operate asa single code and when relay 55 is energized these codes are separatedto operate independently. When 55 is deenergized the circuit on thefirst row of contact fingers 25 is continued through conductor 58,contact finger 25 of relay 55 and conductor 59 to contact finger 25 ofrelay 5. Conductor 42 connects the circuit from contact finger 26through contact finger 28 of relay 55 and conductor 42a. to contactfinger 25 of relay 5. Conductor 43 continues the circuit from contactfinger 21 of relay 4 through contact finger 21 of relay 55 and conductor43a to contact finger 21 of relay 5 and conductor 44 continues thecircuit from contact finger 28 of relay 4 through contact finger 28 ofrelay 55 and conductor 44a to contact finger 28 of relay 5.

When relay 55 is energized the circuits on 42a, 43a and 44a areinterrupted .and a circuit is established from the energy wire throughthe contact 25 to wire 59 and to contact 25 of relay 5 which is thefirst relay of code B and corresponds to relay .0 of code A. At the sametime circuit A is established through contact 26 and conductor 42?);circuit b is established through contact 21 and conductor 43b andcircuit 0 is established through contact 28 and conductor 44b.

A relay 63 is controlled by the photo-electric 4 cell a: which in turnis controlled by a light beam from mark 6| on the film; this arrangementselectively controls the character of the current used to operate thesystem. A transformer 65 is supplied from the mains 84 and the secondarycircult on wire 68 connects through a rectifier 81 with the frontcontact of the contact finger 88 of relay 63 and through conductor 89aand switch Ii supplies the operating energy controlled by the selectiverelays. The opposite wire 680 from transformer 85 connects throughrectifier 88 with i I A second mechanism M-2 is controlled by switch 48and may be operated by the code B alone or by codes A and B combinedwhen relay is de-- energized. This mechanism is controlled by conductorii and switch 48 in the reversed position connecting with conductor BIand mechanism M-Z. At the same time switch 50 is also reversedconnecting the energy wire 52 to conductor 32a leading to contact finger2B of the first selective relay for the code C and in this case code Coperates independently of A or B. When, however, the switches 48 and asare in the position shown, the circuit is continued from conductor d'ithrough jumper 49 to conductor 32a which places the codes A, B andC inseries. If the conductors it and M are connected at iii, M-Z works inmultiple circuit with code C.

The four circuits controled by code C are determined by switch titconnecting with conductor iii which is manually positioned to connectwith circuits at, b, c or d as desired. Conductor 61' connects withswitch it, which, when thrown to the left energizes the control magneti2 through conductor ii and through the latch it this magnet releasesthe mechanism its. for a cycle of operation. When the switch it isthrown to the right the circuit is continued on conductor 03 throughmagnet iii and magnet it to conductor Fla connecting to the middle pointof the secondary of transformer 65. Magnet i6 is a shunted by therectifier i5 and magnet ii is shunted by the reversed rectifier ii sothat in practice the magnet iii is energized by current of onecharacteristic and the magnet i6 is energized by current of the oppositecharacteristic as determined by the rectifiers iii! and 63, thus magnetH6 is energized when relay 68 is deenergized and magnet it is energizedwhen relay 83 is energized. Magnet iii controls the mechanism i812 andmagnet it controls mechanism Etc. If magnet i2 is made responsive todirect current or an operation is required without the selective relay63, this can be secured by reversing the position of switch 3i.

In this circuit it will be noted that the control spreads from theentering relay until the number of parallel circuits correspond with thenumber of relays operated at one time, after this, the circuit isuniform and symmetrical for any number of relays in the group. It willbe further noted that the same number of circuits enter and leave eachfinger of the relay. The fingers have a front and a back contact leadingto separate circuits, and the pivot end of the finger connects to afront contact of a finger of the preceding relay and also connects to aback contact of another finger of the same relay. The back contact setsup the parallel circuits in series from relay to relay. while the frontcontact transfers the circuit from one parallel row to the next when therelay is energized. Selections are made by the control -of the relaysand not by energizing a specific relay for a specific result. The systemis operated by energizing a predetermined number of any of the relays inthe group with the remaining relays deenergized. It will not operateunder any other condition, either for the intended results or forunintended results. As applied'in the drawing, the number of relays inthe group correspond with the base of a code and the predeterminednumber of relays, selected from any of the relays of the group,correspond with the number of changeable characters of the code.

In general, this code circuit represents a base including the totalnumber of'code relays that are selectively operated by the scanners andthe code is established by energizing a predetermined number or theserelays while the remainingrelays remain deenergized. The translatingdevice is controlled by repeating circuits beginning at one side of therelays, in series, from relay to relay, the first of which is completedby a back contact that is closed when each relay is deenergized, exceptthe last three relays of the group, (when a three character code isused) the second circuit is completed by a back contact that is closedwhen each relay of the group is deenergized, except the first relay andthe last two relays; the third circuit is completed by a back contactthat is closed when each relay of the group is deenergized, except thefirst two relays and the last relay; and the fourth circuit is completedwhen all the relays of the group are deenergized, except the firstthree. Further, the

first code relay from the beginning side of the circuit that isenergized transfers the series control at this relay from the first tothe second circuit; the next code relay in this order that is energized,transfers the series control at this relay from the second to the thirdcircuit, and the next relay that is energized in this order transfersthe control at this relay from the third to the fourth circuit. Thetranslating device is controlled by these circuits at the last relay ofthe group by connecting to a front contact on the third circuit and aback contact on the fourth circuit. This arrangement repeats in aregular order and can be expanded for any number of code relays and byadditional contact fingers on the relays controlling similar seriescircuits it will operate for additional characters in the code.

In operation, when the frame on film i5 reg= isters with it so that alight beam is projected to energize relays ii, 2, 68 and t in the row iiand to energize relays i, i and ii in row HQ with the switches arrangedas indicated, relay 53 will be energized and circuit 0 will be energizedthrough codes A and Band circuit d will be energized through code C and.relay it will be operated to produce the desired result. If the scanningplate 69 is retained the magnet 16 will be operated for each succeedingframe of the film that has corresponding marks. If, on the other hand,it were desired to maintain the same'coding but to operate magnet Minstead of it the index mark hi on the film would be opaque and causerelay 83 to be deenergized.

If it is desired to operate code B and code A separately, then thescanning plate is must be provided with an aperture that will registerwith aperture 51 on the film and energize relay It to change over thesystem when frames of this type are brought into register. In this casethe coding must be arranged on a base of five units instead of ten.

It is common practice to provide a group of relays that are energizedaccumulatively to secure selective control. For instance, a systemarranged to operate any or all of a group of four relays at a time, andto be controlled by all the relays, can secure the first result by thefirst relay energized and all the others deenergized; then the secondrelay may be energized and all the others deenergized; likewise, thethird relay may be energized and the others deenergized, and finally,the fourth relay may be energized and all the others deenergized. Thisgives four results with the operation of a single, but different, relayeach time. Again, if the first and second relays are energized, with theothers deenergized, this gives a fifth result; if the first and thirdrelays are energized, this gives a sixth result; and if the first andfourth relays are energized, this gives a seventh result.

The complete capacity of this arrangement in which from one to fourrelays are operated at a time is 16 selections; the first relay controlstwo circuits; the second. relay controls four circuits; the third relaycontrols eight circuits and the fourth relay controls sixteen circuits;the number of contact fingers of the relay being half the number ofcircuits controlled. In this arrangement the circuit is not uniform,instead, it changes .as the number of relays that are operated change.It. therefore. does not adapt itself to the operation of a uniform codedcircuit.

The system of the application is fundamentally different fromtheaccumulative system described. Any system is designed to operate byenergizing a predetermined number of relays in a group. In theapplication the entire group is included for each operation, theoperated relays being energized and the remaining relays beingdeenergized to set up the conditions of control. In this operation therelays are not accumulative throughout the group, but are accumulativeonly to the extent of the predetermined number that are required tooperate the system. If the system, for instance, is set to operate bythree relays it will not operate unless three relays, any three, areenergized and all the others of the group are deenergized. This is truewith any other predetermined number of relays and the remaining group.All the relays are included in the control and the predetermined numbermust be energized.

The system is applicable with any number of relays in the group whileits operation is limited to the predetermined number that are operated.In this way the system may be expanded to any extent desired; forinstance, ten relays in a group, any three of which are operated eachtime and seven deenergized, will produce 120 possible differentselections, and a group of ten relays,

the wiring in a repeating circuit. The number of relay contacts are notincreased by the addition of other relays, in each arrangement, thenumber of contacts is just one more than the number 01' relays operatedto control the system; this is a matter of importance for largeselections. Operating the predetermined number of relays in any orderwith the remainder deenergized will operate the system. Operating agreater or smaller number of relays will pro duce no eifect-the systemcannot operate for any other purpose by the operation of an impropernumber of relays. This makes it readily useable in a coded system.

Even for smaller combinations, when a group of five relay are used andthree are operated, the total selection is ten; while with anaccumulative system the total number of selections, with three relays,is eight. In the same way with five group relays and only two operated,the selection possible is ten, while with the accumulated system thepossible combinations is four.

The repeating circuit runs in parallel lines from the back contact onone relay to the pivot finger of the next relay and from the backcontact of this finger to the pivot of the finger oi' the next relay andso on. When any relay is energized the parallel circuit is changed tothe parallel circuit below, beginning at the next relay following theone that is energized. From this point on the control is transferredfrom the first parallel circuit to the next and a switch at the end ofthe controls determine the final composite circuit and therebydetermines the predetermined number of relays that operates the system.

The structure of this circuit differs from others used for selectivepurposes in that the pivot end of the relay finger for the first row ofcontacts. or parallel circuit connects only to the back contact of thefirst finger of the preceding relay. while all the following contactfingers have the pivotal end connected to the front contact of thepreceding relay for the parallel circuit above, and to the back contactof the corresponding finger of this preceding relay; thus there are thesame number of circuits leading to the contact fingers below the firstrow, and above the last row, as leads from these contact fingers.

This circuit arrangement is readily changed as, for instance, by addingrelays to the group and repeating the circuit; also it is changed by theswitches to operate on different predetermined numbers of relaysenergized and the same arrangement of circuits may be independentlyapplied as single codes or as compound codes.

The code is applied symmetrically from a base having a fixed number ofpositions and for each position a relay is provided which normallyremains deenergized or inactive. The scanner aligns with the base andhas a predetermined number of positions that synchronize with thepositions of the base. If the number that synchronizes corresponds withthe number of relays that must be energized to operate the circuit, thispredetermined number of relays will be operated and the translatingapparatus will function. If the aligned positions permit a greater orsmaller number of relays to be energized than the predetermined number,there will be no efiect; this is the purpose of the coded selectedsystem.

It should be noted that all the predetermined relays although separatelycontrolled, are operated together and are energized at the same time.

All the relays control the circuit of the translatingdevice in series.The time of operation is thus reduced to the time necessary for onerelay to close the circuit, since they all operate together. This isvery important for high speed operation and is a result that cannot beobtained from any accumulative or stepping system.

The system outlined can be applied to motion picture illm through verysmall apertures in the film for the light beam and the beam can beprojected through these apertures upon the photo cells withoutinterfering with the general purpose of the film. The system admits ofvery extensive selection and it enables a group of diflerent selectionsto be accumulated and made cooperative. Corresponding results can beobtained by a mechanism that is largely mechanical in its operation butthe electric control and operation is preferred as it is less expensive,is uniform and is rapid in action.

The subjects to be coded are usually assigned a number for each item andii the code is to have three characters there will always be threenumbers in the code; it it has four characters then there will be fournumbers in the code and in order to avoid repetition the numbers shouldbe arranged in ascending order, 101' instance, number 276 should not befollowed by the number The apparatus in Figs. 1 and 2 show theapplication of an electric coding system in which relays constitute theprincipal part of the mechanism. The relays are connected byinterlocking circuits to prevent improper operation and by the operation01 a switch the system can bech-anged from one code to another. Thesystem is useable for translating a code as illustrated in theapplication in the drawing or for applying a code and the selectivecontrol by the character of the current is useable in either case. Themechanism indicated at its, Mb, 78c and lVI-i and M-2 may be any type oftranslating means which the code is intended to control.

We claim:

1. In a comparing system a plurality of relays, adjustable comparingmeans including circuit controlling means actuated thereby forenergizing selectively said relays in the various permu-= tations oidifierent predetermined numbers of relays and different individualrelays for each number permutation depending upon the adjustment of thecomparing means, a plurality of circuits controlled by said relays, eachcircuit corresponding to a permutation of a predeter mined number ofrelays energized simultaneous- 5 tatlons of the system includingdifierent individual relays for each permutation according to theadjustment ofthe comparing means, a plurality of circuits controlled bysaid relays, each circuit corresponding to a permutation of a pre=determined number of relays energized simultaneously, means whereby therelays complete each circuit only when the number of relays operatedcorrespond to permutation of the adjusting means and the remainingrelays are unoperated, a device common to all of said relay controlledcircuits and selectively responsive to the character 01' the currentenergizing said circuits and means including the circuit controllingmeans actuated by the adjustable comparing means for controlling thecharacter of the current energizing the relay controlled circuits.

3. In a comparing system, a plurality of relays in a group, comparingmeans including a scanner controlling the circuit of said relays forenergizing selectively said relays in various permutations or diflerentpredetermined numbers of relays in the group, and different individualrelays for each number permutation as determined by said scanner, aplurality of circuits controlled by said relays each circuitcorresponding to a permutation of a predetermined number of relaysenergized simultaneously, but common -to permutations 01' individualrelays for the number permutation, means whereby the relays completeeach circuit only when the number of relays operated correspond to thenumber permutation of the scanner and the remaining relays areunoperated, a device common to all of said circuits and means forselectively interposing said device in said circuits in accordance withthe comparing means.

4. In a. comparing system, a group of at least ten relays, comparingmeans including circuit controlling means actuated thereby forenergizing selectively said relays in the various per-w mutations ofthree of said relays and diiierent individual relays for said threedepending upon the adjustment of the comparing means and means forvarying the number oirelays in said group by the comparing means, aplurality of circuits controlled by said relays, each circuitcorresponding to a permutation of three of said relays energizedsimultaneously, means whereby the relays complete each circuit only whenthree of the relays corresponding to the permutation are operated andthe remaining relays are un= operated, a device common to all 02 saidcircuits and means for selectively interposing said device in saidcircuits in accordance with the comparing means.

5. In a comparing means, a plurality of relays, adjustable comparingmeans including circuit controlling means actuated thereby forenergizing selectively said relays in the various permutations ofdifferent predetermined numbers of relays and difierent individualrelays for each permutation according to the adjustment of the comparingmeans, means for varying the prede= termined numbers of relays, aplurality of circuits controlled by said relays, each circuit cor=responding to a permutation of said predeter= mined number of relaysenergized simultaneously but common to permutations oi individual relaysfor the number permutation, means whereby the relays complete eachcircuit only when the number of relays operated correspond to the numberpermutation of the adjusting means and CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PatentNo. 2,266,779. December 25, 19in.

MATTHEW H. LOUGHRIDGE.

It is herebj certified that error appears in the printed specification'of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page '1,second column, line 25, for "ciated with each frame of the film foreach' code" read "base 12 in which the four highest numbers are--; andthat the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction thereinthat the same may conform to the record of the case in the PatentOffice.

Signed and sealed this 17th day of February, A. D. 191m.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

CER'IIFIbA'I'E 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,266,779. December 25, 19).;1.

MATTHEW H. LOUGHRIDGE It is herebj certified that error appears in theprinted specification 'of the above numbered patent requiring correctionas follows: Page '1, second column, line 25, for "ciated with each frameof the film for each code" read "base 12 in which the four highestnumbers are-; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with thiscorrection therein that the same may conform to the record of the casein the Patent Office. a

signed and sealed this 17th day of February, A. D. 19142.

Henry Van Arsdale,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

